Qmail How to

QMAIL HOW TO

I.    Qmail Installation

A.    INSTALLATION

A.1. Software Pre-requisites
1. Linux Operating System
2.Apache Web Server
3.Perl –any version  of 5
4.GCC – the gcc compiler
5. wget – use for downloading installers
6. patch & patchutils –

Access to a domain name server (DNS) is highly recommended.

A.2  Download the source

Download the necessary installers for setting up the qmail, download the source code for qmail and any other add-ons.
•     qmail, http://www.qmail.org/netqmail-1.05.tar.gz
•    ucspi-tcp, ftp://cr.yp.to/ucspi-tcp/ucspi-tcp-0.88.tar.gz
•    daemontools, ftp://cr.yp.to/daemontools/daemontools-0.76.tar.gz
for e.g.

# wget  http://www.qmail.org/netqmail-1.05.tar.gz

You can put all of installers on a certain directory for e.g. /home/darwin
A.3. Build the source
A.3.1 Switch user as root and do these:

su
umask 022
mkdir -p /usr/local/src  (if not yet existing)
mv netqmail-1.05.tar.gz ucspi-tcp-0.88.tar.gz /usr/local/src
mkdir -p /package
mv daemontools-0.76.tar.gz /package
chmod 1755 /package

A.3.2 Unpack the packages

cd /usr/local/src
tar zxvf  netqmail-1.05.tar.gz
cd netqmail-1.05
./collate.sh  # watch for errors here
cd ..
tar zxvf ucspi-tcp-0.88.tar.gz
cd /package
tar zxvf daemontools-0.76.tar.gz

A.3.3 Create directories

mkdir /var/qmail

A.3.4 Create users and groups

cd /usr/local/src/netqmail-1.05/netqmail-1.05

You can check the INSTALL.ids to setup qmail groups and users, to make it easy you just copy these commands

groupadd nofiles
useradd -g nofiles -d /var/qmail/alias alias
useradd -g nofiles -d /var/qmail qmaild
useradd -g nofiles -d /var/qmail qmaill
useradd -g nofiles -d /var/qmail qmailp
groupadd qmail
useradd -g qmail -d /var/qmail qmailq
useradd -g qmail -d /var/qmail qmailr
useradd -g qmail -d /var/qmail qmails

A.3.5 Do the build

cd /usr/local/src/netqmail-1.05/netqmail-1.05
make setup check
./config-fast the.full.hostname(for ex. ./config-fast phi.freelinuxtutorials.com)

A.4 Install ucspi-tcp

cd /usr/local/src/ucspi-tcp-0.88
patch < /usr/local/src/netqmail-1.05/other-patches/ucspi-tcp-0.88.errno.patch
make
make setup check

A.5 Install daemontools

cd /package/admin/daemontools-0.76
cd src
patch < /usr/local/src/netqmail-1.05/other-patches/daemontools-0.76.errno.patch
cd ..
package/install

A.6 Start qmail

A.6.1 Use an editor to create /var/qmail/rc script

vi /var/qmail/rc and then use this script:

#!/bin/sh

# Using stdout for logging
# Using control/defaultdelivery from qmail-local to deliver messages by default

exec env – PATH=”/var/qmail/bin:$PATH” \
qmail-start “`cat /var/qmail/control/defaultdelivery`”

A.6.2 Execute these commands:
chmod 755 /var/qmail/rc
mkdir /var/log/qmail

A.6.3 Create a default delivery mode for messages that aren’t delivered by a .qmail file. Type:

echo ./Maildir/ >/var/qmail/control/defaultdelivery

A.7 Create a startup/shutdown script like the following in /var/qmail/bin/qmailctl

#!/bin/sh

# For Red Hat chkconfig
# chkconfig: – 80 30
# description: the qmail MTA

PATH=/var/qmail/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin
export PATH

QMAILDUID=`id -u qmaild`
NOFILESGID=`id -g qmaild`

case “$1” in
start)
echo “Starting qmail”
if svok /service/qmail-send ; then
svc -u /service/qmail-send /service/qmail-send/log
else
echo “qmail-send supervise not running”
fi
if svok /service/qmail-smtpd ; then
svc -u /service/qmail-smtpd /service/qmail-smtpd/log
else
echo “qmail-smtpd supervise not running”
fi
if svok /service/qmail-pop3d ; then
svc -u /service/qmail-pop3d /service/qmail-pop3d/log
else
echo “qmail-pop3d supervise not running”
fi
if [ -d /var/lock/subsys ]; then
touch /var/lock/subsys/qmail
fi
;;
stop)
echo “Stopping qmail…”
echo ”  qmail-smtpd”
svc -d /service/qmail-smtpd /service/qmail-smtpd/log
echo ”  qmail-send”
svc -d /service/qmail-send /service/qmail-send/log
echo ”  qmail-pop3d”
svc -d /service/qmail-pop3d /service/qmail-pop3d/log
if [ -f /var/lock/subsys/qmail ]; then
rm /var/lock/subsys/qmail
fi
;;
stat)
svstat /service/qmail-send
svstat /service/qmail-send/log
svstat /service/qmail-smtpd
svstat /service/qmail-smtpd/log
svstat /service/qmail-pop3d
svstat /service/qmail-pop3d/log
qmail-qstat
;;
doqueue|alrm|flush)
echo “Flushing timeout table and sending ALRM signal to qmail-send.”
/var/qmail/bin/qmail-tcpok
svc -a /service/qmail-send
;;
queue)
qmail-qstat
qmail-qread
;;
reload|hup)
echo “Sending HUP signal to qmail-send.”
svc -h /service/qmail-send
;;
pause)
echo “Pausing qmail-send”
svc -p /service/qmail-send
echo “Pausing qmail-smtpd”
svc -p /service/qmail-smtpd
echo “Pausing qmail-pop3d”
svc -p /service/qmail-pop3d
;;
cont)
echo “Continuing qmail-send”
svc -c /service/qmail-send
echo “Continuing qmail-smtpd”
svc -c /service/qmail-smtpd
echo “Continuing qmail-pop3d”
svc -c /service/qmail-pop3d
;;
restart)
echo “Restarting qmail:”
echo “* Stopping qmail-smtpd.”
svc -d /service/qmail-smtpd /service/qmail-smtpd/log
echo “* Sending qmail-send SIGTERM and restarting.”
svc -t /service/qmail-send /service/qmail-send/log
echo “* Restarting qmail-smtpd.”
svc -u /service/qmail-smtpd /service/qmail-smtpd/log
echo “* Restarting qmail-pop3d.”
svc -t /service/qmail-pop3d /service/qmail-pop3d/log
;;
cdb)
tcprules /etc/tcp.smtp.cdb /etc/tcp.smtp.tmp < /etc/tcp.smtp
chmod 644 /etc/tcp.smtp.cdb
echo “Reloaded /etc/tcp.smtp.”
tcprules /etc/tcp.pop3.cdb /etc/tcp.pop3.tmp < /etc/tcp.pop3
chmod 644 /etc/tcp.pop3.cdb
echo “Reloaded /etc/tcp.pop3.”
;;
help)
cat <<HELP
stop — stops mail service (smtp connections refused, nothing goes out)
start — starts mail service (smtp connection accepted, mail can go out)
pause — temporarily stops mail service (connections accepted, nothing leaves)
cont — continues paused mail service
stat — displays status of mail service
cdb — rebuild the tcpserver cdb file for smtp
restart — stops and restarts smtp, sends qmail-send a TERM & restarts it
doqueue — schedules queued messages for immediate delivery
reload — sends qmail-send HUP, rereading locals and virtualdomains
queue — shows status of queue
alrm — same as doqueue
flush — same as doqueue
hup — same as reload
HELP
;;
*)
echo “Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|doqueue|flush|reload|stat|pause|cont|cdb|queue|help}”
exit 1
;;
esac

exit 0

This script is available via http://www.lifewithqmail.org/qmailctl-script-dt70

A.7.1 Make the qmailctl script executable and link it to a directory in your path:

chmod 755 /var/qmail/bin/qmailctl
ln -s /var/qmail/bin/qmailctl /usr/bin

A.8 The supervise scripts

A.8.1 Now create the supervise directories for the qmail services:

mkdir -p /var/qmail/supervise/qmail-send/log
mkdir -p /var/qmail/supervise/qmail-smtpd/log
A.8.2. Create the /var/qmail/supervise/qmail-send/run file:
#!/bin/sh
exec /var/qmail/rc
A.8.3 Create the /var/qmail/supervise/qmail-send/log/run file:
#!/bin/sh
exec /usr/local/bin/setuidgid qmaill /usr/local/bin/multilog t /var/log/qmail

A.8.4 Create the /var/qmail/supervise/qmail-smtpd/run file:

#!/bin/sh
QMAILDUID=`id -u qmaild`
NOFILESGID=`id -g qmaild`
MAXSMTPD=`cat /var/qmail/control/concurrencyincoming`
LOCAL=`head -1 /var/qmail/control/me`

if [ -z “$QMAILDUID” -o -z “$NOFILESGID” -o -z “$MAXSMTPD” -o -z “$LOCAL” ]; then
echo QMAILDUID, NOFILESGID, MAXSMTPD, or LOCAL is unset in
echo /var/qmail/supervise/qmail-smtpd/run
exit 1
fi

if [ ! -f /var/qmail/control/rcpthosts ]; then
echo “No /var/qmail/control/rcpthosts!”
echo “Refusing to start SMTP listener because it’ll create an open relay”
exit 1
fi

exec /usr/local/bin/softlimit -m 2000000 \
/usr/local/bin/tcpserver -v -R -l “$LOCAL” -x /etc/tcp.smtp.cdb -c “$MAXSMTPD” \
-u “$QMAILDUID” -g “$NOFILESGID” 0 smtp /var/qmail/bin/qmail-smtpd 2>&1

A.8.5 Create the concurrencyincoming control file:

echo 20 > /var/qmail/control/concurrencyincoming
chmod 644 /var/qmail/control/concurrencyincoming

A.8.6 Create the /var/qmail/supervise/qmail-smtpd/log/run file:

#!/bin/sh
exec /usr/local/bin/setuidgid qmaill /usr/local/bin/multilog t /var/log/qmail/smtpd
A.8.7 Make the run files executable:
chmod 755 /var/qmail/supervise/qmail-send/run
chmod 755 /var/qmail/supervise/qmail-send/log/run
chmod 755 /var/qmail/supervise/qmail-smtpd/run
chmod 755 /var/qmail/supervise/qmail-smtpd/log/run

Then set up the log directories:

mkdir -p /var/log/qmail/smtpd
chown qmaill /var/log/qmail /var/log/qmail/smtpd

Finally, link the supervise directories into /service:

ln -s /var/qmail/supervise/qmail-send /var/qmail/supervise/qmail-smtpd /service

The /service directory is created when daemontools is installed.

A.8.8 SMTP Access Control

Allow the local host to inject mail via SMTP:

echo ‘127.:allow,RELAYCLIENT=””‘ >>/etc/tcp.smtp
qmailctl cdb

You can add here IP address that will allow to relay to outside domain. These entries ensure that your mail server is not an open relay.

A.9 Stop and disable the installed MTA

If you’re using an RPM-based Linux distribution like Red Hat, removing the MTA package might cause problems down the road. Utilities that update the system might try to reinstall Sendmail, or MUA packages might not install because they can’t tell an MTA is installed. You can use Mate Wierdl’s stub package called “fake_mta” that can be installed to prevent these problems. Simply install the RPM available from http://www.csi.hu/mw/fake_mta-1-1memphis.noarch.rpm.

A.9.1 Download the said rpm and install the package

rpm –ivh fake_mta-1-1memphis.noarch.rpm

If your existing MTA is Sendmail, you should be able to stop it by
running the init.d script with the “stop” argument. E.g., one of
these should work:

/etc/init.d/sendmail stop
/sbin/init.d/sendmail stop
/etc/rc.d/init.d/sendmail stop
kill PID¬of¬sendmail
rpm ¬e ¬¬nodeps sendmail

Lastly, replace any existing /usr/lib/sendmail with the qmail version:

mv /usr/lib/sendmail /usr/lib/sendmail.old                  # ignore errors
mv /usr/sbin/sendmail /usr/sbin/sendmail.old                # ignore errors
chmod 0 /usr/lib/sendmail.old /usr/sbin/sendmail.old        # ignore errors
ln -s /var/qmail/bin/sendmail /usr/lib
ln -s /var/qmail/bin/sendmail /usr/sbin

A.10 Create System Aliases
There are three system aliases that should be created on all qmail installations:
Alias     Purpose
postmaster     RFC 2821 required, points to the mail adminstrator (you)
mailer-daemon     de facto standard recipient for some bounces
root     redirects mail from privileged account to the system administrator
To create these aliases, decide where you want each of them to go (a local user or a remote address) and create and populate the appropriate .qmail files. For example, say local user dave is both the system and mail administrator:

echo darwin > /var/qmail/alias/.qmail-root
echo darwin > /var/qmail/alias/.qmail-postmaster
ln -s .qmail-postmaster /var/qmail/alias/.qmail-mailer-daemon
chmod 644 /var/qmail/alias/.qmail-root /var/qmail/alias/.qmail-postmaster

A.11 Start qmail
If you stopped qmail above after creating the links in /service, you should restart it now:

qmailctl start

A.12 Test the Installation
qmail should now be running. First run qmailctl stat to verify that the services are up and running:

qmailctl stat

/service/qmail-send: up (pid 30303) 187 seconds
/service/qmail-send/log: up (pid 30304) 187 seconds
/service/qmail-smtpd: up (pid 30305) 187 seconds
/service/qmail-smtpd/log: up (pid 30308) 187 seconds
messages in queue: 0
messages in queue but not yet preprocessed: 0

All four services should be “up” for more than a second. If they’re not, you’ve probably got a typo in the associated run script or you skipped one or more steps in creating the necessary files, directories, or links. Go back through the installation step-by-step and double check your work. You can also download and run the inst_check script, available from http://lifewithqmail.org/inst_check. For example:
# sh inst_check
! /var/log/qmail has wrong owner, should be qmaill
…try: chown qmaill /var/log/qmail
#
If inst_check finds problems, fix them and re-run it. When everything looks right, inst_check will report:
Congratulations, your LWQ installation looks good!

B. Configuration
You’ve got qmail installed, from the recommended source tarball method, one of the self-compiling packages, or a var-qmail package. This section contains information you will need to configure qmail to make it work the way you want it to.

B.1. Configuration Files
All of qmail’s system configuration files, with the exception of the .qmail files in ~alias, reside in /var/qmail/control. The qmail-control man page contains a table like the following:
Control     Default     Used by     Purpose
badmailfrom     none     qmail-smtpd     blacklisted From addresses
bouncefrom     MAILER-DAEMON     qmail-send     username of bounce sender
bouncehost     me     qmail-send     hostname of bounce sender
concurrencyincoming     none     /service/qmail-smtpd/run     max simultaneous incoming SMTP connections
concurrencylocal     10     qmail-send     max simultaneous local deliveries
concurrencyremote     20     qmail-send     max simultaneous remote deliveries
defaultdelivery     none     /var/qmail/rc     default .qmail file
defaultdomain     me     qmail-inject     default domain name
defaulthost     me     qmail-inject     default host name
databytes     0     qmail-smtpd     max number of bytes in message (0=no limit)
doublebouncehost     me     qmail-send     host name of double bounce sender
doublebounceto     postmaster     qmail-send     user to receive double bounces
envnoathost     me     qmail-send     default domain for addresses without “@”
helohost     me     qmail-remote     host name used in SMTP HELO command
idhost     me     qmail-inject     host name for Message-ID’s
localiphost     me     qmail-smtpd     name substituted for local IP address
locals     me     qmail-send     domains that we deliver locally
me     FQDN of system     various     default for many control files
morercpthosts     none     qmail-smtpd     secondary rcpthosts database
percenthack     none     qmail-send     domains that can use “%”-style relaying
plusdomain     me     qmail-inject     domain substituted for trailing “+”
qmqpservers     none     qmail-qmqpc     IP addresses of QMQP servers
queuelifetime     604800     qmail-send     seconds a message can remain in queue
rcpthosts     none     qmail-smtpd     domains that we accept mail for
smtpgreeting     me     qmail-smtpd     SMTP greeting message
smtproutes     none     qmail-remote     artificial SMTP routes
timeoutconnect     60     qmail-remote     how long, in seconds, to wait for SMTP connection
timeoutremote     1200     qmail-remote     how long, in seconds, to wait for remote server
timeoutsmtpd     1200     qmail-smtpd     how long, in seconds, to wait for SMTP client
virtualdomains     none     qmail-send     virtual domains and users

Sample PHI MAIL SERVER CONFIGURATION

badmailfrom:
FROM_USER@netmail.nl
@*.service.ohio-state.edu
@4cpp.net
@8hy.cn
@aidscare.com.hk
@bbqgirl.com

concurrencyincoming
20

defaultdelivery
./Maildir

defaultdomain
phmx1.freelinuxtutorials.com

helohost
phi.freelinuxtutorials.com

locals
phmx1.freelinuxtutorials.com

me
phmx1.freelinuxtutorials.com

plusdomain
freelinuxtutorials.com

queuelifetime
172800

rcpthosts
phmx1.freelinuxtutorials.com
freelinuxtutorials.com
hkpub.com
mail.freelinuxtutorials.com
mail.hkpub.com
phi.freelinuxtutorials.com

virtualdomains
phi.freelinuxtutorials.com:phi.freelinuxtutorials.com

II. INSTALLING VPOPMAIL

Vpopmail is one of the major components of this installation. Vpopmail allows us to do virtual domain mail hosting. It’s got a lot of built in tools and features that make it a dream to work with
B. 1 Download the installer of vpopmail on http://www.inter7.com/
C. Unpack/uncompress the tarball file

tar zxvf vpopmail-5.4.0.tar.gz
cd vpopmail-5.4.0
./configure
make
make install-strip

1.Now you are ready to add a virtual domain and users

cd /home/vpopmail/bin
./vadddomain phi.freelinuxtutorials.com password yourpostmasterpassword

2.To add a new pop users

You can install qmailadmin and administer your new pop mail
system via a web interface. Or you can use the command line
interface.

cd /home-dir-of-vpopmail/bin
./vadduser newuser@test.com

or

./vadduser newuser@test.com <password-for-newuser>

3.Delete a pop user

cd /home-dir-of-vpopmail/bin
./vdeluser newuser@test.com (for the test.com virtualdomain example)

4.Delete a virtual domain

cd /home-dir-of-vpopmail/bin
./vdeldomain test.com

5.Changing a pop users password (new in 3.4.3)

cd /home-dir-of-vpopmail/bin
./vpasswd user@domain.com

or

./vpasswd user@domain.com <password-for-user@domain.com>

III. INSTALLING QMAILADMIN
qmailAdmin is a free software package that provides a web interface for managing a qmail system with virtual domains. A version is available now for use with vpopmail. It provides admin for adding/deleting users, Aliases, Forwards, Mailing lists and Autoresponders.

Requirements:
Qmail
Vpopmail
Autorespond 2.0 (or greater)
Ezmlm or Ezmlm-idx

Installing Autoresponder
Download the installer on http://www.inter7.com

tar zxvf autorespond-2.0.2.tar.gz
cd autorespond-2.0.2
make && make install

Installing Ezmlm
EZmlm is a nice mailing list add-on to Qmail
EZmlm integrates seamlessly into Qmailadmin to provide a very user friendly mailing list management interface
Download the installer on http://www.inter7.com

tar zxvf ezmlm-0.53-idx-0.41.tar.gz
cd ezmlm-0.53-idx-0.41
make && make setup

Install qmailadmin
Download the installer on http://www.inter7.com
Type as root:

tar zxvf qmailadmin-1.2.0.tar.gz
cd qmailadmin-1.2.0
./configure –enable-modify-quota
make
make install-strip

That’s it! Now browse to http://www.yourdomain.com/cgi-bin/qmailadmin and you should see the login screen. Login with the postmaster account and password for the domain that you created

If you didn’t get any errors, Qmailadmin should be all set!

IV. INSTALLING SQWEBMAIL

Sqwebmail is a web based email client, similar to hotmail. It is extremely efficient and the html is configurable.  It is compatible with vpopmail

Note: SqWebMail DOES NOT support traditional Mailbox files, only Maildirs

Download the installer on http://www.inter7.com or directly on http://www.courier-mta.org/sqwebmail/
Unpack:

# tar xvf sqwebmail-4.0.4.20040524.tar
#./configure [options – see below]
#  make configure-check
# make
# make check
# make install-strip       # Do a make install if this doesn’t work
# make install-configure   # Install configuration files.

You can now access sqwebmail http://www.yourdomain.com/cgi-bin/sqwebmail

BACKING UP QMAIL SERVER
Backing up a qmail server is relatively easy. While different people may give you slightly different recommendations, you can ensure a safe backup of your qmail server if you backup the following 2 directories on a routine basis.
/home/vpopmail – backs up all your domain information, including mailboxes, passwords and the messages themselves.
/var/qmail – backs up all of your qmail settings. The /var/qmail/control directory is the most important directory in there to back up, but it won’t hurt to just back up the whole damn qmail directory.

For complete documentations, pls refer to:
Reference: http://www.lifewithqmail.org
http://www.qmailrocks.org
http://www.inter7.com/

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